Fingerprinting Analysis of Antioxidant Activity from Acalypa Indica using FTIR Metabolomics based on Different Extraction Methods
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Mar 11, 2026
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Abstract
The A. Indica plant (Acalypha indica) is a herbal plant that grows in tropical areas. This plant contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins. The aim of this research is to determine the FTIR-ATR-based secondary metabolite profile of A. Indica based on differences in extraction methods through PCA multivariate analysis and to find out what functional groups contribute actively as antioxidants to A. Indica through OPLSDA multivariate analysis. Extraction of secondary metabolites was carried out using ultrasonic, maceration and shaker methods using ethanol absolute solvent, then the method for determining antioxidant activity used was the DPPH method. The results of this study indicate that the highest yield and antioxidant content from different extraction methods were obtained using the ultrasonic method, with a yield of 6.34 grams and an antioxidant level of 140 ppm. PCA analysis showed separation of groups from various extraction methods, suggesting differences in the secondary metabolite profiles produced. Furthermore, the OPLSDA analysis identified four main functional groups acting as antioxidant compounds in the A. Indica extract using different extraction methods, namely: 1550, 1735, 1895, 830, dan 3300 cm-1. These wavenumbers correspond to the functional groups C=C aromatic, C=O stretching, C-H aromatic, and O-H stretching. These functional groups are components of quercetin, which is one of the compounds with potential antioxidant properties.
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AMALIA, Farah Marsya; HAYATI, Elok Kamilah.
Fingerprinting Analysis of Antioxidant Activity from Acalypa Indica using FTIR Metabolomics based on Different Extraction Methods.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Green Technology, [S.l.], v. 15, n. 1, mar. 2026.
ISSN 2580-7099.
Available at: <https://conferences.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/ICGT/article/view/3834>. Date accessed: 14 june 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18860/icgt.v15i1.3834.
Section
Chemistry
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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[21] Mashiane, P., Manhivi, V. E., Shoko, T., Slabbert, R. M., Sultanbawa, Y., & Sivakumar, D. (2021). Cooking African pumpkin leaves (Momordica balsamina L.) by stir-frying improved bioactivity and bioaccessibility of metabolites—Metabolomic and chemometric approaches. Foods. 10(11),: 2890
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[24] Hayati, E. K., Sabarudin, A., Rafi, M., & Karomah, A. H. (2024). LCHRMS-based metabolomics on A. Indica with different altitude and antioxidant activity. South African Journal of Botany.172: 710-719.
[25] Noer, S., & Pratiwi, R. D. (2019). Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Sebagai Kuersetin Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Daun Inggu (Ruta angustifolia L.). Simposium Nasional Ilmiah & Call for Paper Unindra (Simponi). 1(1):1-6
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[2] Zahidin NS, et al. (2017). A Review of A. Indica (Euphorbiaceae) as Traditional Medicine Plant and its Therapeutic Potential. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 207:146–173.
[3] Amarnath, K., Dhanabal, J., Agarwal, I., dan Seshadry, S. (2014). Cytotoxicity induction by ethanolic extract of A. Indica loaded casein-chitosan microparticles in human prostate cancer cell line in vitro. Biomed. Prev. Nutr. 4: 445–450.
[4] Amelia. (2018). Khasiat A. Indica A. Majalah Farmasetika. 3(1): 7−11
[5] Molyneux, P. (2004). The Use Of The Stable Free Radical Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) For Estimating Antioksidan Activity, Songklanakarin: Journal Science Technology. 26(2): 211-219.
[6] Yuniarto, P. F., dan Abd Kadir, M. B. (2020). Optimation Of Carbopol 940 And Glycerin Of Tanaman A. Indica Gel An Antioxidant. Jurnal Inovasi Farmasi Indonesia. 2(1).
[7] Sayuti, Mohammad. (2017). Pengaruh Perbedaan Metode Ekstraksi, Bagian Dan Jenis Pelarut Terhadap Rendemen Dan Aktifitas Antioksidan Bambu Laut (Isis Hippuris). Technology Science and Engineering Journal. 1(30): 2549-1601.
[8] Fadhila, S. I., Hayati, E. K., Rafi, M., dan Sabarudin, A. (2023). Effect Of Ethanol-Water Concentration As Extraction Solvent On Antioxidant Activity Of A. Indica. al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan. 10(2): 133-142.
[9] Fauziyah, R., Widyasanti, A., dan Rosalinda, S. (2022). Perbedaan Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Sisa Pelarut dan Rendemen Total Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.). Jurnal Kimia Padjadjaran. 1:18-25.
[10] Aura, C. R., Handayani, R., Kurniaty, R., & Adriani, A. (2024). Uji aktivitas antioksidan teh herbal daun anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) menggunakan metode DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl). Nutrition and Health Insights. 1(2):71-75.
[11] Yasi, R., M., Sih,. R., H., Trisn, T., L., (2022) The Effect of Simplicia Drying Method on the Acquisition of Active Compound Levels of Grinting Grass Simplicia Extract (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.). Jurnal Universitas Negrei Jember. 10 (3); 147-154
[12] Hidayati, N., Kurniawan, T., Kusumawardani, N. I., & Sari, R. P. (2018). Comparison of maceration and ultrasonication methods on indigofera tinctoria linn leaf extraction. Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan. 7(1): 54-58
[13] Burnaz, N. A. (2021). Evaluation of Ultrasonication and Agitation Extraction Methods at Different Conditions on the Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Mammillaria prolifera. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 83(5):1-11
[14] Burnaz, N. A. (2021). Evaluation of Ultrasonication and Agitation Extraction Methods at Different Conditions on the Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Mammillaria prolifera. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 83(5):1-11
[15] Arina, Y., Shiyan, S., & Suprayetno, S. (2022). Analisis kemometrik ekstrak akar tunjuk langit (Helminthostachys zeylanica (L)) melalui analisis fourier transformed infrared dari berbagai daerah Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal'Aisyiyah Medika. 7(1): 1-8
[16] Ganendra, M. V. E. B., Putro, R. A., Athallah, Z. A., Nasrudin, M., & Trimono, T. (2025). Analisis Jumlah Penduduk Tenaga Kerja Industri Di Jawa Timur Berdasarkan Tahun 2017-2018, Dengan Menggunakan Metode Rm Manova. Kohesi: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi. 8(2): 81-90.
[17] Lestari, O. A., & Dewi, Y. S. K. (2023). Penerapan Analisis Multivariat untuk Memetakan Sifat Fisikokimia dan Mutu Glikemik Madu. Gorontalo Agriculture Technology Journal. 6 (1): 25-36.
[18] Umar, A. H., Syahruni, R., Ranteta’dung, I., & Rafi, M. (2023). FTIR-based fingerprinting combined with chemometrics method for rapid discrimination of Jatropha spp.(Euphorbiaceae) from different regions in South Sulawesi. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 13(1): 139-149
[19] Pan, L., Zhou, C., Jing, J., Zhuang, M., Zhang, J., Wang, K., & Zhang, H. (2022). Metabolomics analysis of cucumber fruit in response to foliar fertilizer and pesticides using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS. Food Chemistry. 369:130960.
[20] Khan, M. A., Abbasi, B. H., Shah, N. A., Yücesan, B., & Ali, H. (2015). Analysis of metabolic variations throughout growth and development of adventitious roots in Silybum marianum L.(Milk thistle), a medicinal plant. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture .123: 501-510.
[21] Mashiane, P., Manhivi, V. E., Shoko, T., Slabbert, R. M., Sultanbawa, Y., & Sivakumar, D. (2021). Cooking African pumpkin leaves (Momordica balsamina L.) by stir-frying improved bioactivity and bioaccessibility of metabolites—Metabolomic and chemometric approaches. Foods. 10(11),: 2890
[22] Rahman, H., Arini, S. F., dan Utomo, V. (2020). Tannins Extraction of Tea Leaves by Ultrasonic Method: [Comparison with The Conventional Method. Jurnal Teknologi. 8(1): 84-95.
[22] Siswarni, M. Z., Putri, Y. I., & Rinda, R. (2017). Ekstraksi kuersetin dari kulit terong Belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.) menggunakan pelarut etanol dengan metode maserasi dan sokletasi. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU. 6(1): 36-42.
[23] Winingsih, W., Mursyida, U., O., Suprijana. (2016). Penggunaan FTIR-ATR Znse (Fourier Transform Infra Red) Untuk Penetapan Kadar Kuersetin Dalam Teh Hitam (Camellia sinensis L.). Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology. 5(1).
[24] Hayati, E. K., Sabarudin, A., Rafi, M., & Karomah, A. H. (2024). LCHRMS-based metabolomics on A. Indica with different altitude and antioxidant activity. South African Journal of Botany.172: 710-719.
[25] Noer, S., & Pratiwi, R. D. (2019). Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Sebagai Kuersetin Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Daun Inggu (Ruta angustifolia L.). Simposium Nasional Ilmiah & Call for Paper Unindra (Simponi). 1(1):1-6
[26] Silverstein, R.M., Webster, F.X. dan Kiemle, D.J.( 2005).Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, Seventh Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[27] Zin, N. B. M., Azemin, A., Rodi, M. M. M., Rashid, Z. M., & Mohd, K. S. (2019). Application of FTIR fingerprints coupled with chemometric for comparison of stingless bee propolis from different extraction methods. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied ScienceS. 15. 350-355.