The Silent Danger in a Small Bag: Unmasking the "Obat Setelan" Phenomenon in Probolinggo

Abstract

In Indonesia, the term "obat setelan" refers to a form of falsified medicine consisting of various tablets or capsules repackaged together. These products lack official distribution permits from the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM), omit essential labeling regarding content or expiration, and are sold outside of regulated pharmaceutical channels. This study aimed to examine the patterns of use and the health impacts associated with obat setelan consumption in Probolinggo City.A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a survey method. Questionnaires were distributed to 100 respondents selected via purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to categorize user demographics, purchasing behavior, and reported health outcomes.The findings indicate that users are predominantly middle-aged adults (64%) with limited economic means (69% earning below the regional minimum wage) and poor access to healthcare facilities (64%). Usage is driven by the perceived rapid efficacy (39%) in managing pain (27%), with local kiosks serving as the primary source (52%). Notably, 67% of respondents reported adverse physical changes, including "moon face" (18%), a clinical sign often associated with corticosteroid misuse. Furthermore, 45% reported insomnia upon cessation, suggesting a potential trend toward psychological dependence that warrants further clinical investigation.The widespread use of obat setelan highlights a significant public health risk linked to low health literacy and poor regulatory oversight in informal markets. Targeted education and stricter enforcement of drug distribution regulations are urgently needed to mitigate these risks.