Antihyperpigmentation Potential of Persimmon Vinegar: A Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Approach

Fitriyani Fitriyani; Fajar Prayoga; M. Abbas Ar-riziq Ar-riziq; Roihatul Mutiah

doi:10.18860/planar.v5i0.3871

Fitriyani Fitriyani UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Fajar Prayoga Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang 65151, East Java, Indonesia
M. Abbas Ar-riziq Ar-riziq Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang 65151, East Java, Indonesia
Roihatul Mutiah Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang 65151, East Java, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/planar.v5i0.3871

Abstract

Hyperpigmentation is a condition characterized by increased melanin production, prompting the search for natural agents with potential skin-brightening effects. Persimmon vinegar contains various bioactive compounds that may modulate melanogenesis pathways. This study aimed to predict the antihyperpigmentation potential of bioactive compounds in persimmon vinegar using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted using GeneCards, DisGeNET, STRING, and Cytoscape to identify interactions between active compounds and hyperpigmentation-related targets, while molecular docking was performed using AutoDockTools against tyrosinase (PDB: 2Y9X). A total of 386 target proteins were identified, with four overlapping targets (SLC29A3, AHR, COL7A1, and MFN2) associated with hyperpigmentation pathways. These targets were linked to three major active compounds: aspartic acid, gallic acid, and malic acid. Molecular docking analysis showed that all three compounds interacted with residues within the tyrosinase active site, including HIS259, ASN260, and HIS263. Among the tested compounds, gallic acid exhibited the lowest binding energy (−1.52 kcal/mol), although its affinity remained weaker than the native ligand (−4.92 kcal/mol). Overall, the findings suggest that persimmon vinegar contains bioactive compounds with potential relevance to antihyperpigmentation mechanisms and may serve as candidates for further experimental investigation.

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