Formulation and Characterization of a Biodegradable Effervescent Detergent Tablet Containing Sapindus rarak and Citrus aurantifolia Extracts

Badira Kamelin; Renoven  P. Putra; Sabita Lutfun N. R. Parvez; Silmina A. S. A Putri; Novia Maulina

doi:10.18860/planar.v5i0.3879

Badira Kamelin Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, East Java 65151, Indonesia
Renoven P. Putra Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, East Java 65151, Indonesia
Sabita Lutfun N. R. Parvez Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, East Java 65151, Indonesia
Silmina A. S. A Putri Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, East Java 65151, Indonesia
Novia Maulina Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/planar.v5i0.3879

Abstract

The increasing use of synthetic detergents containing surfactants such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) has raised environmental concerns due to their low biodegradability and potential aquatic toxicity. This study aimed to develop and characterize a biodegradable effervescent detergent tablet formulated from Sapindus rarak (lerak) and Citrus aurantifolia (lime) extracts as natural surfactant and antibacterial agents. The extracts were obtained by maceration using ethanol solvents and converted into dry granules using aerosil as a drying aid. The effervescent tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method with citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate, PEG 6000, and Avicel pH 101 as excipients. The results showed that the granules had good flow properties with a moisture content of 3.7%, an angle of repose of 27°, and compressibility of 8%. The resulting tablets exhibited good physical quality with hardness of 6 Kgf, friability of 0.17%, and disintegration time of 1.2 minutes, meeting the effervescent tablet standards. The stable foam formed up to 5 cm for 30 minutes indicated the strong natural surfactant activity of saponins from Sapindus rarak. Overall, the combination of Sapindus rarak and Citrus aurantifolia extracts produced an effervescent detergent tablet with excellent physical and sensory characteristics, demonstrating great potential as an eco-friendly detergent formulation that supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 on responsible consumption and production.

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