Effect of Fruit Maturity Level on Morphology, Water Content and Germination of Eumachia montana Seeds
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Published
Dec 31, 2024
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Abstract
Eumachia montana is one local plant species from Rubiaceae family that has potential as medicinal plant. Seed storage of E. montana depends on seed quality. Seed quality can be determined from fruit harvesting accuracy at physiological maturity through fruit maturity level. The aim of this study was to analyze effect of E. montana fruit maturity level to seed morphology, water content and germination. Fruits were harvested based on maturity level which was grouped based on fruit skin color. E. montana seeds are morphometric characterized, measured for water content and sown. Data were analyzed by variance analysis, Principal Component Analysis, cluster and correlation analysis using statistical program PAST ver. 3.04. Fruit maturity level of E. montana significantly influence to seed morphology and germination, but did not significantly influence to seed water content. Grade III with dark orange (10R 5/10) fruit skin color is recommended as fruit maturity level of E. montana for harvesting. Seed length is parameter of seed morphology which influence to fruit maturity level. Correlation between fruit maturity level to seed morphology, water content and germination is low, with seed morphology character is positively correlated to germination of E. montana seeds.
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LESTARI, Dewi Ayu; FAYA, Ananda Kautsar Nadia; ISMANJANI, Lutvinda.
Effect of Fruit Maturity Level on Morphology, Water Content and Germination of Eumachia montana Seeds.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Green Technology, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 1, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2580-7099.
Available at: <https://conferences.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/ICGT/article/view/3229>. Date accessed: 07 feb. 2026.
Section
Biology
References
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[3] H. Wiriadinata, D. Girmansyah, J. Hunter, W.S. Hoover and K. Kartawinata, “Floristic study of West Sumbawa, Indonesia,” Reinwardtia, vol. 13, pp. 391-404, 2013.
[4] R. Govaerts, E. Nic Lughadha, N. Black, R. Turner and A. Paton, “The world checklist of vascular plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity,” Sci. Data, vol. 8, pp. 1-215, 2021.
[5] E. Suita, Nurhasybi and N. Yuniarti, “Determining physiological maturity of Mindi (Melia Azedarach) fruit based on ts physical, physiological and biochemistry characteristics,” JPTH, vol. 5, pp. 75-82, 2008.
[6] V.E. Perotti, A.S. Moreno and F.E. Podesta, “Physiological aspects of fruit ripening: The mitochondrial connection,” Mitochondrion, vol. 17, pp. 1-6, 2014.
[7] R. Wulananggraeni, Damanhuri and S.L. Purnamaningsih, “The effect of fruit maturity level of three cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genotypes on seed quality,” J. Prod. Tan., vol. 4, pp. 332-341, 2016.
[8] S. Saefudin and E. Wardiana, “Pengaruh varietas dan tingkat kematangan buah terhadap perkecambahan dan fisik benih kopi arabika,” Bull. Ristri, vol. 4, pp. 245-256, 2013.
[9] C.N.I.N. Ichsan, A.I. Hereri and L. Budiarti, “Kajian warna buah dan ukuran benih terhadap viabilitas benih kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.),” J. Floratek, vol. 8, pp. 110-117, 2013.
[10] N. Rohaeni and Farida, “Pengaruh Tingkat kematangan buah terhadap viabilitas benih kopi (Coffea robusta L.),” J. Pertanian Terpadu, vol. 7, pp. 228-235, 2019.
[11] P. Li, J. Fan, C. Song, X. Dong and D. Kang, “Seed vigour and morphological and physiological characteristics of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.: In different stages of seed development,” Plants, vol. 11, pp. 1-12, 2022.
[12] D.M. Cruz-Tejada, D.C. Acosta-Rojas and P.R. Stevenson, “Are seeds able to germinate before fruit color ripening? Evidence from six Neotropical bird-dispersed plant species,” Ecosphere, vol. 9, pp. e02174, 2018.
[13] L. Hapsari, E. Renjana, A. Rahadiantoro, L.W. Ningrum, D.A. Lestari, E.R. Firdiana, Trimanto and S. Mas’udah, “Seed conservation of wild-relatives of bananas and their associated plants in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park: Report for the Millenium Seed Bank Project Partnership, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,” unpublished.
[14] Seed Information Database, “Eumachia montana,” Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, accessed on 5 August 2024, https://ser-sid.org, 2024.
[15] International Seed Testing Association, International Rules for Seed Testing, Switzerland: Bassersdorf, 2015.
[16] D.A. Lestari, “Characterization of external morphology on various seeds in Purwodadi Botanic Garden.” Proceeding of International Conference The 4th Green Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic State University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, 2013.
[17] L. Sutopo, Teknologi Benih, Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2012.
[18] L. Sutopo, Teknologi Benih, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002.
[19] A. Canadas-Lopez, D.Y. Rade-Loor, M. Siegmund-Schultze, M. Iriarte-Vera, J.M. Dominguez-Andrade, J. Vargas-Hernandez and C. Wehenkel, “Productivity and oil content in relation to jatropha fruit ripening under tropical dry-forest conditions,” Forests, vo. 9, pp. 1-611, 2018.
[20] E.D. Murrinie, P. Yudono, A. Purwantoro and E. Sulistyaningsih, “Effect of postharvest maturation storage at different age fruit on chemical characters fruit and seed of wood-apple (Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle). J. Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1464, pp. 012045, 2020.
[21] T. Srisuk, V. Chamchumroon and P. Pornpongrungrueng, “New records of the genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) from Thailand,” Thai Forest Bull. (Bot.), vol. 48, pp. 101-107, 2020.
[22] R. Tetteh, L.M. Aboagye, R. Darko and E.A. Osafo, “Physiological seed quality in relation to maturity stage in two pepper (Capsicum annum L.) cultivars,” Indian J. Agric. Res., vol. 53, pp. 604-608, 2019.
[23] H.M. Botey, J.O. Ochuodho and L. Ngode, “Fruit and seed physiological quality changes during seed development and maturation in African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.),” Afr. J. Agric. Res., vol. 17, pp. 1131-1143, 2021.
[24] H. Su, S.R. Yao, J. Cai, Z.M. Jiang, C.H. Yang and X.Q. Xu, “Germination characteristics of Betula albo-sinensis seeds from different seed sources,” Xi Bei Lin Xue Yuan Xue Bao, vol. 3, pp. 109-114, 2021.
[25] P. Schober, C. Boer and L.A. Schwarte, “Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation,” IARS, vol. 126, pp. 1763-1768, 2018.
[26] Yulianti, K.P. Putri, N. Yuniarti, A. Aminah, E. Suita, Danu, D.J. Sudrajat, Nurhasybi and D. Syamsuwida, “Seed handling of specific forest tree species: recalcitrant and intermediate seed,” IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 522, pp. 012015, 2019.
[27] F. Corbineau, “The effects of storage conditions on seed deterioration and ageing: How to improve seed longevity,” Seeds, vol. 3, pp. 56-75, 2024.
[28] M. Abbasi and M. Heidari, “Effect of fruit maturity on seed germination and seedling growth of mango,” J. Crops Improv., vol. 12, pp. 69-79, 2010.
[29] K. Tumpa, A. Vidakovic, D. Drvodelic, M. Sango, M. Idzojtic, I. Perkovic and I. Poljak, “The effect of seed size germination and seedling growth in sweet chesnut (Castanea sativa Mill.),” Forests, vol. 12, pp. 858, 2021.
[30] M.L. Souza and M. Fagundes, “Seed sizes as key factor in germination and seedling development of Capaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae),” Am. J. Pl. Sci., vol. 5, pp. 2566-2573, 2014.
[31] S. Geritz, M. Gyllenberg and J. Toivonen, “Adaptive correlations between seed size and germination time,” J. Math. Biol., vol. 77, pp. 1943-1968, 2018.