Digital Fiqh Muamalah Grounded in the Qur'an: Advancing the SDGs for a Golden Indonesia 2045

Abstract

Digital transformation has fundamentally reshaped the global economic landscape, including the way Indonesian Muslim communities transact through Islamic fintech, halal e-commerce, crowdfunding platforms, and blockchain-based digital assets. However, classical fiqh muamalah (Islamic commercial jurisprudence), formulated centuries ago, has not fully accommodated the complexity of contracts, risks, and transaction mechanisms within the contemporary digital ecosystem, resulting in an epistemological and practical gap between traditional fiqh texts and present-day digital muamalah realities. Meanwhile, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda and Indonesia's Golden Vision 2045 demand an adaptive, just, and sustainable economic legal framework. This study aims to formulate a reactualization of digital fiqh muamalah grounded in Quranic values and to analyze its contribution to achieving the SDGs and the nation's long-term development vision. The research employs a qualitative approach through library research and normative-juridical analysis, integrating thematic (maudhu'i) exegesis of Quranic verses on commerce and sustainability with maqashid al-shariah studies, financial authority regulations, and fatwas of the National Sharia Board. Data were analyzed using content analysis to map the relevance of digital fiqh muamalah principles to SDG targets. The findings reveal that Quranic principles of justice (al-'adl), transparency (amanah), and the prohibition of usury and excessive uncertainty (riba and gharar) can be reinterpreted as an ethical-legal framework for contemporary digital transactions, aligning with SDG targets related to poverty alleviation, inclusive economic growth, and sustainable innovation. The novelty of this study lies in its simultaneous integration of three dimensions—the reactualization of fiqh muamalah, a Quranic exegetical foundation, and a projection toward Indonesia's Golden Vision 2045—which has not been extensively examined together in prior literature, thereby offering both theoretical contributions to the development of digital Islamic economic law and practical contributions to national policy formulation grounded in Islamic values and sustainability orientation.