Level of Knowledge of Batu City Hajj Pilgrimages Regarding Self-Medication
Abstract
The Hajj pilgrimage is a form of worship that requires a stable health condition for its pilgrims. Self-medication is an act of self-medication as an effort to maintain body condition or treat diseases without using a doctor's prescription. Knowledge related to self-medication has an impact on Hajj pilgrims in an effort to maintain or improve their health status in order to achieve Istita'ah before departure for Hajj. East Java Province shows a prevalence of the number of people who do self-medication of 71.61% in 2020 to 84.34% in 2022. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of knowledge of Batu City Hajj pilgrims regarding self-medication. This study is descriptive observational. Sampling used consecutive sampling technique. Data collection used a questionnaire. The results of the study from 60 Hajj pilgrim samples showed that the highest value of the 4 indicators was the indicator of rational drug use with a percentage of 81% in the "very good" category. The overall results of the Hajj pilgrim knowledge indicator about self-medication were 75.62% in the "good" category. Based on this, it can be concluded that the knowledge of Batu City Hajj pilgrims regarding self-medication is stated as "good".
References
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Rasyad. (2017) "Hajj" Between Religious Obligation Or As Social Capital (Study On Suradadi Village Community, Terara District). Jurnal Society. Volume - , Number -, 1-8.
Rauf, Z., Putra, D., Masrul., & Semiarty, R. (2021) Knowledge, attitudes, and families practices in selecting, obtaining, using, storing, and disposing of medicines on self-medication behavior in Indonesia. Journal of Medical Sciences. Volume 09, Number - : 1570-1577. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7700
Rustika., Kusnali, A., Puspasari, W., H., Oemiyati, R., Ristrini., Musadad, A., D., & Syam, P. (2019) Level of Knowledge, Attitude and Action of Hajj Pilgrims Regarding Health Istita'ah in Indonesia. Health System Research Bulletin. Volume 22, Number 4: 245–254.
Sulaiman, E., Winarni, I., & Nasution, T. (2019) Nursing Experience of Hajj-Medical Workers of Indonesia in Handling Emergency State of Kendari-Hajj Pilgrims. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing. Volume 11, Number 01: 38–44.https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2019.v11i01.006
Suryadi. (2023) Factors that influence farmers' interest in using cow manure into organic fertilizer in Sumber Dumpyong Village, Pakem District, Bondowoso Regency. 1-14.
Syafitri, I., Hidayati, I., &Pristianty, L. (2017) The Relationship of Knowledge Level to the Rational Use of Paracetamol in Self-medication. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Volume 4, Number 1: 19–26.
Syarifuddin, S., Wijaya, D., & Masudah, L. (2022) Perception of Prospective Hajj Pilgrims on the Interprofessional Education Program Based on Hajj Health. Islamic Pharm Journal. Volume 07, Number 02: 2527-6123.https://doi.org/10.18860/jip.v7i2.17655
Tesfamariam, S., Anand, I., Kaleab, G., Berhane, S., Woldai, B., Habte, E., & Russom, M. (2019) Self-medication with over the counter drugs, prevalence of risky practice and its associated factors in pharmacy outlets of Asmara, Eritrea. Journal of BMC Public Health. Volume 19, Number 01: 1-9.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6470-5
Ulummudin. (2018) Hadith on the Prohibition of Women Traveling without a Maḥram (Application of Hermeneutic Theory of Jorge JE Gracia). Journal of Hadith Studies. Volume 01, Number 01: 28-42.https://doi.org/10.32506/johs.v1i1.361
Van, T., Yidana, Z., Smooker, P., & Coloe, P. (2020) Antibiotic use in food animals worldwide, with a focus on Africa: Pluses and minuses. Journal of Global Antimicrob Resistance. Volume 20, Number -:170–177.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2019.07.031
Yezli, S., Yassin, Y., Mushi, A., Balkhi, B., Stergachis, A., & Khan, A. (2021) Insulin Knowledge, Handling, and Storage among Diabetic Pilgrims during the Hajj Mass Gathering. Journal of Diabetes Research. Volume 09, Number 09: 1-11.https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5596914
Zulkarni, R., Tobat, S., & Aulia, S. (2019) Community Behavior in Self-Medication of Traditional and Modern Medicines in Sapiran Village, Aur Birugo Tigo Baleh District, Bukittinggi City. Health Journal: Stikes Prima Nusantara Bukittinggi. Volume 10, Number 01: 1-5.https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7700
Adiputra, I., Trisnadewi, N., Oktaviani, N., Munthe, S., Hulu, V., Ramdany, R., Fitriani, R., Tania, P., Rahmiati, B., Lusiana, S., Susilawaty, A., Sianturi, E., & Suryana. (2021) Health Research Methodology. Denpasar: Kita Menulis Foundation.
Central Bureau of Statistics. (2022) Percentage of Population Self-Medicating, 2020-2022. Central Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia. Retrieved February 20, 2023 (https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/30/1974/1/persentase-penbangun-yang-mengobati-diri-sebuah-sebulan-terakhir.html).
Beyene, A., Getachev, E., & Doboch, A. (2017) Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self Medication among Pharmacy Students of Rift Valley University, Abichu Campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Journal of Health & Medical Informatics. Volume 08, Number 03: 1-6.http://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7420.1000269
Bobihu. (2023) Implementation Of Mahram In The Implementation Of Hajj For Women Maṣlaḥah Perspective (Case Study on Organizing Hajj at the Ministry of Religion in Makassar City). Journal of Islamic Religious Education. Volume 08, Number 01: 68-88.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10777
Dani. (2019) The Role of Women in the Organization of Hajj and Umrah. Journal of Gender Studies. Volume 12, Number 01: 127-158.https://doi.org/10.21043/palastren.v12i1.4369
Hassan, E., Taisan, A., & Abualhommos, A. (2022) Knowledge and practices concerning the storage and disposal of home medications among people in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. Volume 30, Number -: 172-179.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2021.12.010
Gangwar, R., Kumar, A., & Zargar, A. (2023) The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences. Global Health Journal. Volume 07, Number 01: 3-8.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glohj.2023.02.002
Handayani and Jatmika. (2022) Improving the Knowledge of Healthy Heart Club Members About Self-Medication During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Sirnagalih Village, West Java Province. In: J-Abdi. Journal of Community Service; West Java, March 02, 2022; West Java: bajangjournal.com. Pages 3289–3298.https://doi.org/10.53625/jabdi.v1i12.2052
Hendra, G., Aditya, M., & Sari, R. (2023) Analysis of Knowledge and Characteristics of Pharmacy Personnel on Corticosteroid Self-Medication Based on the Pharmacy Mandatory Drug List (OWA). Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy. Volume 20, Number 01: 60-65.https://doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v20i1.8348
Horumpende, P., Said, S., Mazuguni, F., Antony, M., Kumburu, H., Sonda, T., Mwanziva, C., Mshana, S., Mmbaga, B., Kajeguka, D., & Chilongola, J. (2018) Prevalence, determinants and knowledge of antibacterial self-medication: A cross sectional study in North-eastern Tanzania. Journal of PLOS ONE. Volume 13, Number 10: 1-10.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206623
Kurniawan., Posangi, J., & Rampengan, N. (2017) Association between public knowledge regarding antibiotics and self-medication with antibiotics in Teling Atas Community Health Center, East Indonesia. Medical Journal of Indonesia. Volume 26, Number 01: 62-69.https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v26i1.1589
Lerango, T., Alagaw, A., Tunje, A., Andarge, E., Duko, B., Tilahune, A., & Lerango, S. (2023) Self-medication practices among pregnant women in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: An institutionally based cross-sectional study. Journal of Heliyon. Volume 09, Number 03: 1-8.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13833
Mandala, M., Inandha, L., & Hanifah, I. (2022) The Relationship between Income and Education Levels with Community Behavior in Self-Medication for Gastritis in Nunleu Village, Kupang City. Journal of Science and Health. Volume 04, Number 01: 62-70.https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v4i1.1094
Masturoh and Anggita. (2018) Health Research Methodology. Health Human Resources Education Center: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2016) Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 72 of 2016 Concerning Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Hospitals. Jakarta: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
Nurhaedah and Imawartini. (2017) Research Methodology: Center for Health Human Resources Education: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
Papeo and Tuloli. (2023) Evaluation of the Level of Knowledge, Attitudes and Actions towards Self-medication: Case Study of Una-Una District, Central Sulawesi Province. Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research Journal. Volume 05, Number 01: 172-177.https://doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v5i1.9817
Puriatarza, E and Kamso, S. (2019) Cause of Death of Indonesian Hajj in Armenia, Saudi Arabia 2015. KnE Life Sciences :115-122. Publishing services provided by Knowledge E.https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i10.3776
Rasyad. (2017) "Hajj" Between Religious Obligation Or As Social Capital (Study On Suradadi Village Community, Terara District). Jurnal Society. Volume - , Number -, 1-8.
Rauf, Z., Putra, D., Masrul., & Semiarty, R. (2021) Knowledge, attitudes, and families practices in selecting, obtaining, using, storing, and disposing of medicines on self-medication behavior in Indonesia. Journal of Medical Sciences. Volume 09, Number - : 1570-1577. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7700
Rustika., Kusnali, A., Puspasari, W., H., Oemiyati, R., Ristrini., Musadad, A., D., & Syam, P. (2019) Level of Knowledge, Attitude and Action of Hajj Pilgrims Regarding Health Istita'ah in Indonesia. Health System Research Bulletin. Volume 22, Number 4: 245–254.
Sulaiman, E., Winarni, I., & Nasution, T. (2019) Nursing Experience of Hajj-Medical Workers of Indonesia in Handling Emergency State of Kendari-Hajj Pilgrims. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing. Volume 11, Number 01: 38–44.https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2019.v11i01.006
Suryadi. (2023) Factors that influence farmers' interest in using cow manure into organic fertilizer in Sumber Dumpyong Village, Pakem District, Bondowoso Regency. 1-14.
Syafitri, I., Hidayati, I., &Pristianty, L. (2017) The Relationship of Knowledge Level to the Rational Use of Paracetamol in Self-medication. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Volume 4, Number 1: 19–26.
Syarifuddin, S., Wijaya, D., & Masudah, L. (2022) Perception of Prospective Hajj Pilgrims on the Interprofessional Education Program Based on Hajj Health. Islamic Pharm Journal. Volume 07, Number 02: 2527-6123.https://doi.org/10.18860/jip.v7i2.17655
Tesfamariam, S., Anand, I., Kaleab, G., Berhane, S., Woldai, B., Habte, E., & Russom, M. (2019) Self-medication with over the counter drugs, prevalence of risky practice and its associated factors in pharmacy outlets of Asmara, Eritrea. Journal of BMC Public Health. Volume 19, Number 01: 1-9.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6470-5
Ulummudin. (2018) Hadith on the Prohibition of Women Traveling without a Maḥram (Application of Hermeneutic Theory of Jorge JE Gracia). Journal of Hadith Studies. Volume 01, Number 01: 28-42.https://doi.org/10.32506/johs.v1i1.361
Van, T., Yidana, Z., Smooker, P., & Coloe, P. (2020) Antibiotic use in food animals worldwide, with a focus on Africa: Pluses and minuses. Journal of Global Antimicrob Resistance. Volume 20, Number -:170–177.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2019.07.031
Yezli, S., Yassin, Y., Mushi, A., Balkhi, B., Stergachis, A., & Khan, A. (2021) Insulin Knowledge, Handling, and Storage among Diabetic Pilgrims during the Hajj Mass Gathering. Journal of Diabetes Research. Volume 09, Number 09: 1-11.https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5596914
Zulkarni, R., Tobat, S., & Aulia, S. (2019) Community Behavior in Self-Medication of Traditional and Modern Medicines in Sapiran Village, Aur Birugo Tigo Baleh District, Bukittinggi City. Health Journal: Stikes Prima Nusantara Bukittinggi. Volume 10, Number 01: 1-5.https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7700
Published
2025-03-24
How to Cite
WIJAYA, Dhani et al.
Level of Knowledge of Batu City Hajj Pilgrimages Regarding Self-Medication.
Proceedings of International Pharmacy Ulul Albab Conference and Seminar (PLANAR), [S.l.], v. 4, p. 10-18, mar. 2025.
ISSN 2827-7848.
Available at: <https://conferences.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/planar/article/view/3309>. Date accessed: 05 feb. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18860/planar.v4i0.3309.
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