AI and Digital Spirituality: The Transformation of Islamic Religious Education Learning in the Era of Disruption
Main Article Content
Abstract
The era of technological disruption has brought about significant changes in learning processes, including Islamic Religious Education. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education not only provides easy access to learning resources but also creates a new phenomenon known as digital spirituality, a form of religious experience formed through interaction with digital media. This research aims to analyze the role of AI in transforming PAI learning and its impact on the development of students' digital spirituality. The method employed is library research using a PRISMA approach to ensure the selection, analysis, and synthesis of literature are conducted systematically and transparently. The results show that AI contributes positively through personalization of religious learning, virtual spiritual mentoring, expanded access to Islamic knowledge sources, and strengthening digital religious practices. However, on the other hand, AI also potentially weakens spiritual dimensions through risks of fragmentation of religious narratives, reduction of contemplative depth, decreased teacher-student interaction, and the emergence of a hybrid Islamic phenomenon that is not entirely coherent with Islamic traditional values. This research confirms that optimizing AI in PAI learning must be accompanied by ethical policies, religious digital literacy, and teacher mentoring to ensure that the formation of digital spirituality remains within the corridor of authentic Islamic values. Thus, AI integration can become a strategic opportunity to build a generation of digitally intelligent, critically-minded, and spiritually strong Muslims in the era of disruption.
Article Details
How to Cite
MALIK, Adam; NADIVA, Dewinta Nisa; ABDA’U, Alif Maulana.
AI and Digital Spirituality: The Transformation of Islamic Religious Education Learning in the Era of Disruption.
Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Education (ICIED), [S.l.], v. 10, n. 1, p. 767-781, dec. 2025.
ISSN 2613-9804.
Available at: <https://conferences.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/icied/article/view/3658>. Date accessed: 02 feb. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18860/icied.v10i1.3658.
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Articles
References
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Sari, A. K., Amin, K., & Isnanimataka, M. I. (2024). Etika Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam Pendidikan Islam: Mengatasi Tantangan Distorsi dan Misinterpretasi. Proceeding International Conference on Tradition and Religious Studies , 3(1), 350–359. https://proceedings.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/lc-TiaRS/article/view/1211
Sari, N. P. (2021). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan dalam Pendidikan Islam. Edua, 8(1), 65–74.
Sholehah, C. A., & Rachman, P. (2023). Dinamika Transformasi Pendidikan Agama Islam: Sinergitas Artificial Intelligence Dalam Peningkatan Pemahaman Keagamaan. BAHTSUNA: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 5(2), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.55210/bahtsuna.v5i2.317
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Sufyan, Q. A., & Ghofur, A. (2022). Pemanfaatan digitalisasi pendidikan dalam pengembangan karakter peserta didik. MUBTADI: Jurnal Pendidikan Ibtidaiyah, 4(1), 62–71.
Suryadi Nasution, S. (2025). Islamic Religious Education in the Post-Human Era: Embracing Artificial Intelligence through Transformative Spirituality. JPPI, 13(1), 55–69. https://jppi.org/article/view/1597
Suryana, A., Mustaqim, I., & Rois, A. (2025b). AI-Driven Innovation In Islamic Schools: Impacts, Opportunities And Ethical Challenges. Al-Abshar: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 4(1), 76–92. https://doi.org/10.58223/al-abshar.v4i1.467
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Zuhriyeh, S., Ali, M., & Hidayat, A. (2025). Digital Transformation of Islamic Education: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Teaching Module Development Study. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 6(2), 1113–1126. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v6i2.1255
Alfarisi, S., & Hanifudin. (2025). Konsep Tarbiyah dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam Modern. Silampari Lubuklinggau, 8(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.37092/ej.v8i1.1140
Arrazin, M. Z. (2025). Dinamika Keseimbangan Spiritualitas dan Teknologi di Kalangan Mahasiswa PAI pendidikan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dan pengalaman spiritual mahasiswa . Analisis mendalam menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa PAI sering kali terjerat dalam kebingungan m. 03(03), 1771–1778.
Basri, M. (2023). Eksplorasi penelitian Pendidikan Agama Islam melalui kajian kepustakaan. Edukasi, 15(2), 91–105.
Berliana, C. I., Nurkhasanah, S., Purnomo, & Rohmah, D. (2025). Integrating Islamic Values and AI-Based Deep Learning: Implementation at SMK Negeri 1 Kebumen Towards Achieving Educational SDGs. Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam, 26(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.23917/profetika.v26i01.10632
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Campbell, H. A., & Tsuria, R. (2021). Digital religion: Understanding religious practice in digital media. Routledge.
Dionisius Barai Putra, & Firmanto, A. D. (2023). Spiritualitas Kaum Muda di Tengah Perkotaan dalam Era Digital. Missio Ecclesiae, 11(2), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.52157/me.v11i2.187
Fahmi Aziza, I. (2024). REFORMULASI KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM ERA DISRUPSI DIGITAL. Jurnal Pendidikan, 3(1), 1–15.
Fauzan, M., & Gusmaneli. (2025). Integrasi Spiritualitas dan Kecerdasan Digital dalam Desain Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Perguruan Tinggi. TSAQOFAH, 5(6), 6452–6463. https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v5i6.7737
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Hakim, A., & Anggraini, N. (2023). Artificial intelligence dalam pembelajaran PAI: Efektivitas dan tantangan. Tasqif: Journal of Islamic Education, 15(1), 67–90.
Hamruni, A., & Suwartini, R. (2025). Integrasi Artificial Intelligence dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal, 6(1), 1271–1285. https://ejournal.indo-intellectual.id/article/view/1234
Hjarvard, S. (2008). The mediatization of religion: A theory of the media as agents of religious change. Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook, 6(1), 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1386/nl.6.1.9_1
Iqbal, M. (2024). Islam dan Teknologi Kecerdasan Buatan. Universitas Bina Bangsa Getsempena (UBBG). https://bbg.ac.id/islam-dan-teknologi-kecerdasan-buatan/
Jihad, M., Wibowo, S., & Widyasari. (2025). Kurikulum tarbiyah ruhiyah perspektif Said Hawwa. Tawazun: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 18(2), 393–414. https://doi.org/10.32832/tawazun.v18i2.19125
Kahfi, N. S., Reyza, F. A., Arrosikha, M., Nasrullah, M., & Aisyah, N. H. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Islamic Religious Education: Balancing Learning Efficiency And Safeguarding Spiritual Integrity In Indonesian Higher Education. INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication), 10(1), 643–660. https://doi.org/10.18326/inject.v10i1.4325
Mahbuddin, A. N. G. (2020). Model Integrasi Media dan Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Mudarris: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Islam, 3(2), 98–115. https://mudarrisjournal.com/article/view/202
Mainuddin, Hermawansyah, Irfan, M., Junaidin, & Zulkifli, M. (2025). Artificial intelligence in Islamic studies courses: Opportunities and limitations in Islamic higher education from student perspectives. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 10(2), 234–256.
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Mubarok, Z. (2025). Model Pembelajaran Terjemah Dzikir dan Do’a Bacaan Salat di Sekolah Dasar Islam Khoiru Ummah Malang. Karakter: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, 2(2), 281–293. https://doi.org/10.61132/karakter.v2i2.608
Nasution, S., Pohan, A. J., Hayati, N., Khairurrijal, K., & Nur, K. (2025). Islamic Religious Education in the Post-Human Era: Embracing Artificial Intelligence through Transformative Spirituality. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam;, 13(01). https://riset-iaid.net/index.php/jppi/article/view/2170
Noor, H., Muhdi, Kartika, G. N., & Herlinawati. (2025). Peluang Dan Tantangan Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Era Artificial Intelligence. Sibatik Journal, 4(6), 801–810.
Nugroho, A., & Astutik, A. P. (2024). Digital transformation of Islamic boarding school education. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Studies, 12(2), 10–21070.
Nurhabibah, P., Ayubi, M. N., Ismiyanti, Y., Madisson, M., Info, A., Teknologi, P., Islam, P., Agama, P., Informasi, T., Acceptance, T., Education, I., & Technology, I. (2025). Pemanfaatan Teknologi Digital dalam Memfasilitasi Ibadah dan Pendidikan Islam Utilization of Digital Technology in Facilitating Islamic Worship and. Alfabet Jurnal Wawasan Agama Risalah Islamiah, Teknologi Dan Sosial (Al-Waarits), 2(1), 1–11.
Nurlaili, S., Suriyana, E., & Hariry, S. (2025). Spiritualitas di Era Digital : Studi Literatur tentang Kesejahteraan Psikologis dan Konsumsi Konten Religius di Aplikasi TikTok. 01(03), 1088–1097.
Pramana, P., Priastuty, C. W., Utari, P., Aziz, R. A., & Purwati, E. (2023). Beradaptasi dengan perubahan teknologi: Kecerdasan buatan dan evolusi komunikasi interpersonal. Jurnal Ilmiah Dinamika Sosial, 7(2), 214–225.
Rahmah, R. D., Hamami, T., & Sukiman. (2025). The Use of Artificial Intelligence Innovation in Islamic Religious Education. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 11(2), 125–136. https://jurnalpai.id/article/view/3456
Rahmasari, R., Rahmasari, R., Gimri, F. D., Dewianti, A. F., & others. (2024). Penanaman nilai-nilai islam dalam upaya Pembentukan karakter melalui pendidikan Agama Islam. El-Darisa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2(2), 19–30.
Ramadhan, G. D. (2022). Perlindungan Hukum Atas Invensi Artificial Intelligence di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 & Society 5.0.
Razak, Y. (2025). Agama dan kecerdasan buatan (AI) di persimpangan zaman. Jurnal Sosiologi Agama, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Rohia, E., Jefri, M., Anisa, N., & Hariry, S. (2025). Pengaruh Media Digital terhadap Spiritualitas Remaja Muslim. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmiah Multidisipliner, 1(03 SE-Articles), 386–390. https://ojs.ruangpublikasi.com/index.php/jpim/article/view/617
Rome Call for AI Ethics (2020).
Rosyidah, A., Annisa, D., & Bashith, A. (2025). Model evaluasi kompetensi spiritual digital peserta didik pada pembelajaran {P}endidikan {A}gama {I}slam di era industri 4.0. TARLIM Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 8(2), 251–261.
Rozaanah, R. (2024). Reconstructing Islamic Religious Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Tasqif: Journal of Islamic Education, 16(1), 23–35. https://tasqifjournal.org/article/view/9876
Saputra, I., Syahriyan, M., & Tamarin, R. (2022). Religious Moderation Technology in Digital (Remote Id): Teknologi Aplikasi 5.0 Dalam Upaya Pengembangan Moderasi Beragama Pada Komunitas Remaja. Lembaran Masyarakat, 8(1), 161–178.
Sari, A. K., Amin, K., & Isnanimataka, M. I. (2024). Etika Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam Pendidikan Islam: Mengatasi Tantangan Distorsi dan Misinterpretasi. Proceeding International Conference on Tradition and Religious Studies , 3(1), 350–359. https://proceedings.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/lc-TiaRS/article/view/1211
Sari, N. P. (2021). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan dalam Pendidikan Islam. Edua, 8(1), 65–74.
Sholehah, C. A., & Rachman, P. (2023). Dinamika Transformasi Pendidikan Agama Islam: Sinergitas Artificial Intelligence Dalam Peningkatan Pemahaman Keagamaan. BAHTSUNA: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 5(2), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.55210/bahtsuna.v5i2.317
Sholihah, N. M. (2025). The Impact of AI on the Spiritual Values and Character of Students: A Survey of the Qur’an and Tafsir Quraish Shihab. Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Boarding School, 2(1).
Sufyan, Q. A., & Ghofur, A. (2022). Pemanfaatan digitalisasi pendidikan dalam pengembangan karakter peserta didik. MUBTADI: Jurnal Pendidikan Ibtidaiyah, 4(1), 62–71.
Suryadi Nasution, S. (2025). Islamic Religious Education in the Post-Human Era: Embracing Artificial Intelligence through Transformative Spirituality. JPPI, 13(1), 55–69. https://jppi.org/article/view/1597
Suryana, A., Mustaqim, I., & Rois, A. (2025b). AI-Driven Innovation In Islamic Schools: Impacts, Opportunities And Ethical Challenges. Al-Abshar: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 4(1), 76–92. https://doi.org/10.58223/al-abshar.v4i1.467
Suwahyu, I. (2025). Kontribusi Artificial Intelligence dalam Pembelajaran PAI yang Responsif terhadap Spiritualitas Digital. Journal Lontaradigitech, 9(3), 201–212. https://lontaradigitech.id/article/view/8665
Thohir, M., Reditiya, V. E., Sari, N. I. P., & others. (2023). Refleksi mahasiswa dalam berkeadaban digital melalui ChatGPT. Intelektual: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Keislaman, 13(2), 109–128.
Zuhriyeh, S., Ali, M., & Hidayat, A. (2025). Digital Transformation of Islamic Education: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Teaching Module Development Study. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 6(2), 1113–1126. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v6i2.1255